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The National Public Health Institutes (NPHI), members of the Latin American Regional Network of the International Association of National Institutes of Public Health, met face to face at the headquarters of the National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, in the City of Cuernavaca, from October 5 to 7, 2022, with the participation of the directors or their representatives of the NPHIs of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico, Peru and Suriname and representatives of the South American Sub regional Program (SAM), and the Central American Sub regional Program (CAM) of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the Organization of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty (OTCA), the Andean Health Agency/Hipolito Unanue Agreement (ORAS/CONHU) and the Central American Integration System (SICA/COMISCA), analyzing the role of the NPHI in combating health inequities;in confronting the global climate and environmental crisis;combating hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition;successes and challenges in responding to the Covid-19 pandemic;strengthening and continuous improvement of integrated disease surveillance and preparedness for health emergencies;as well as the various existing regional and sub-regional health cooperation programs, noticing that: 1. In the current scenario, the dominating development model is a generator of growing social inequalities, which determine serious inequities in the health conditions of our peoples. 2. Likewise, the current model of production and consumption, adopted at the global level, has increased hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition that possibly constitute nowadays the main health problem in our region. 3. The environmental crisis, which is also a product of the current global development model, has a significant impact on human and animal health and the interaction between both. 4. The NPHIs have played a role of major relevance in confronting the Covid-19 pandemic, not fully applying, however, their full potential for research and for proposing national plans for the disease control. 5. Health surveillance systems, in most of our countries, suffer from significant fragmentation between various sectors and within the health sector itself, implying, in any case, reactive actions that do not allow for anticipating the emergence of new pathologies or health emergencies. 6. The various regional and sub regional cooperation agencies and programs offer an enormous capacity for synergies and mutual cooperation.
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The proteins (37%), carbohydrates (24.4%) and lipids (30.1%) contents of S. platensis from Nomayos provide the body with its structural and energy needs for about 518.8 Kcal per 100g of spirulina. Polyphenols (56.4 mEq. QE / g ES.), flavanols (13.2 mEq. QE / g ES.) flavonoids (21.2 mEq. QE / g ES.), carotenoids (3, 8%) and phycocyanin (16.15%) is responsible of its antioxidant capacities (7.5 + 0.33 mg eq. Vit C/g ES) and for a significant decrease in malondialdehyde MDA (< 0.001) concentration. Zinc (25 mG/Kg), Iron (256 mG/Kg), Selenium (1.24 mG/Kg), Manganese (23mG/Kg) and Copper (28.95 mG/Kg) reinforce this antioxidant power because they are cofactors of enzymes (Superoxide dismutase, Peroxidase, Catalase) which ensure the fight against free radicals. The presence of phycocyanin is an asset for the anti-inflammatory action. The significant decrease in IL-8 (p < 0.001) and TNF alpha (p < 0.04) levels confirms this property. On the other hand, the nonsignificant increase in Il-6 (1.56 to 2.18 pg/m;p > 0.05) would be partly responsible for the rise in CD4 levels (p < 0.001) and the reduction in viral load in immune deficiency patients (p = 0.000) supplemented with spirulina. In conclusion, S. platensis from Nomayos by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immuno-stimulatory properties would be a good supplement food for subjects at risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19.
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The human milk donation has been an undervalued and very biasedly examined subject until relatively recently, in comparison with other types of human donation (organs, tissues, fluids), not being recognized its dimension of bodily altruistic and philanthropic act in the same way as other (mildly) analogous realities, as well as in its approach from the perspective of feminist and gender studies. On the other hand, although the COVID-19 pandemic and the various lockdown processes have had an onerous impact on human breastfeeding in general, we find data on the global increase in breastfeeding donation as a specific altruistic gesture during the pandemic in Spain and, even, on the decisions in the most complicated moments of the state of alarm about donating one's own milk in the tragedy of perinatal death. These altruistic donations contribute to carrying out the fulfillment of what has already been declared a human right and one of the social investments with the most advantageous cost-benefit index. The recognized, intensified and amplified need for milk banks in a pandemic brings to the fore in a specific way the condition of human milk as capital physiological resource, and, ultimately, as a global good. This article is dedicated to delving into a critical hermeneutics of milk donation in light of the pandemic and as an opportunity to rethink the studies of recent decades in this regard.
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Background: Exclusive breastfeeding along with infection prevention measures is recommended for lactating COVID-positive mothers as benefits outweigh the risk. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the feeding and infection prevention measures among the COVID-19 infected lactating mothers in Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry to identify areas of concern. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional and observational study was conducted by telephonic survey after verbal consent on a series of 103 COVID-positive postnatal mothers regarding their feeding practices and infection prevention measures. Descriptive statistics was used. Results: Breastfeeding was given by 72 (69.9%), mixed feeding by 27 mothers (26.2%), and formula feeds by four (3.9%). Overall, exclusive breastfeeding was given by 66 mothers (64.1%). With respect to infection prevention measures, high performance of frequent/always was observed for use of hand hygiene (n=90, 87.3%) and use of mask (n=81, 78.5%). Conclusion: Despite the pandemic situation, the most COVID-positive mothers breastfed their infants with fair compliance to infection prevention measures.
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Due to the physiological changes of the pregnancy and considering the susceptibility of the fetus, pregnant women are among the vulnerable health groups. The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has multiplied the health burden on vulnerable and susceptible groups. With over 500,000 new cases daily, the vulnerable groups are in danger more than ever. Therefore, early diagnosis, effective treatment, and efficient prevention strategies are significant among these groups. Since the clinical knowledge about the diagnosis, management, prevention, and many other aspects of pregnancy and lactation during COVID-19 has significantly changed and improved from the pandemic's beginning, most of the previous knowledge has changed, and the previous publications might not be helpful anymore. This review aims to provide an updated and comprehensive review of the mutual impact of pregnancy and COVID-19 infection, discuss the current controversies based on the most recent findings, and highlight the existing knowledge gaps. Due to the increased susceptibility, undesired outcomes are more expected among pregnant women with COVID-19 infection. Still, prevention measures are the best way of managing COVID-19 in this population. Moreover, further clinical studies should address the long-term complications, outcomes, safety of vaccination, and the impact of the pandemic on mental health.
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Background: Premature infants usually don't have optimal breastfeeding. Given the insufficient awareness and lack of support of mothers can lead to the discontinuation of breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of telephone monitoring of mothers throughout the breastfeeding period in preterm infants.
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Background: The Covid-19 pandemic is thought to affect a number of causes of stunting, including exclusive breastfeeding, early breastfeeding initiation, and illness exposure. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, and infectious diseases on stunting during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Background. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers were faced with difficult decisions about maternity care practices. The evidence-based practices recommended by the WHO/UNICEF Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) were confirmed by Italian national guidance. Aim. To describe, in a number of facilities that are part of a national Baby-Friendly network, the adherence to some steps of BFHI standards during the COVID-19 emergency. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey, inviting all hospitals interested in the Initiative, to fill out a semi-structured questionnaire. Results. Out of the 68 participating hospitals, 30.9% were hubs and 69.1% spokes. During May 2020, 61.8% of hospitals had COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 clinical pathways, while 38.8% were only non-COVID-19. None was dedicated exclusively to COVID-19 pathways. The BFHI was effective in guaranteeing 80% exclusive breastfeeding, the presence of companion of mother's choice, skin-to-skin and rooming-in. The type of accreditation was associated with the presence of a companion of the mother's choice during labour (p=0.022) and with skin-to-skin (p < 0.001). According to the narratives. increased interpersonal distance made interactions with mothers difficult and the absence of a birth companion was reported as a major issue. Discussion and conclusions. The BFHI is a highly-structured, evidence-based care model. Investing in strong collaborative care approaches contributes to hospitals' preparedness.
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This report describes the nutritional status and problems of the world in 2020, including the enLINK initiative (which promotes nutritional research), other new research projects and activities (the development of a composite nutrient powder, the relationship between folate and neural tube defect, the promotion of breast feeding, overweight and pregnancy outcome, malnutrition, rice farming systems and village doctor education), COVID 19 and the global food system, diseases of poverty, the aging farmer, agroecology, the profile of a nutrition institute, ongoing projects, publications, the foundation and the council.
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Lactating mothers (n=126) residing in Pune, Maharashtra were interviewed to assess the prevalence of stress, rate of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), and its association with different demographic factors. 75.4% mothers were found to be moderately stressed. Rate of EBF was 62.7%. Moderate stress and testing positive for COVID-19 were significantly negatively associated with EBF (P < 0.001).
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The world has been dealing with a coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since January 2020, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. To avoid the spread of the disease, drastic measures were implemented. These measures, however, can have a negative impact on people's health because they influence their behavior. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on people's lifestyles, including food consumption, when combined with quarantine measures. In order to shed light on the Algerian population's food habits during the pandemic, an observational and descriptive epidemiological study on 640 people, whether or not they were infected with COVID-19, was conducted in the western region of Algeria. The study used an online and face-to-face interview questionnaire focused on the pandemic's elapsed period between February and September 2020. Our findings showed that half of our participants had influenza during the study period, but only 37.53% of them had COVID-19. As a result, almost all of our test-positive respondents (95%) followed a medical protocol automatically. Furthermore, 31.57% of them stated that they were following a specific diet to avoid COVID-19 contamination. This resulted in a clear shift in Algerian cuisine (70.31%), with processed foods (3.47%) and modern dishes (5%) made outside the home consumed at low levels, while consumption of vegetables (22.39%), fruits (15.87%), and traditional dishes (11.95%) increased. Vulnerable people, such as breastfeeding mothers, were faced with the double burden of nourishing their babies while being Covid-positive, causing 35/40 cases to discontinue breastfeeding completely. Overall, 83.09% of our participants were malnourished. This study is the first draft in the understanding of Algerians' dietary behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it could be used effectively in the delineation of strategies for correction and support of citizens in underdeveloped countries.
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Background: The new coronavirus disease is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus, considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) an international public health emergency that may have negative consequences during breastfeeding. The objective of this work is to investigate the action plan on breastfeeding in postpartum women with SARS-CoV-2 and her newborn.
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Background: Breast milk provides the ideal nutrition for infants. It has a nearly perfect mix of vitamins, protein, and fat. Breastfeeding has many health benefits for both the mother and infant. Breast milk contains all the nutrients an infant needs in the first six months of life. The present study aimed to measure aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels in breast milk and identify nutritional and socio-demographic factors associated with AFM1 levels.
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The aim of the study was to know awareness among hospitality students with respect to health benefits of mulled wine and to know about wine knowledge. During the COVID-19 pandemic situation it's important to take care of health and increase immunity system. The research to find about wine knowledge and importance of mulled wine awareness. Spices used for mulled wine are cloves and cinnamon and grated nutmeg. The awareness of mulled wine were taken from the participant over the age of 18. Responses were collected by means of an online questionnaire. The gained results showed that most of the hospitality students are not aware about mulled wine or they consider it can be taken during winter only but once they are aware more exposure will be there in wine market found by researcher. Mulled wine have less alcoholic content compare to red wine as well it has health benefit by its content can increase immunity system amongst consumer and in hotel it can be advice by server to guest explaining its benefits and most of the hotel can keep in their beverage menu.
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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a major impact on birth care and lactation. The lack of knowledge regarding the transmission mechanisms and the potential risks for the mother and the newborn, even when the vertical transmission of the virus has not been demonstrated, has led to the abandonment of practices such as skin-to-skin and the early initiation of breastfeeding (BF), which offer great benefits for maternal and child health. Taking into account the available scientific evidence and the protective effect of BF, the World Health Organization (WHO), and other organisms recommend, in cases of suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection of the mother, maintaining mother-child contact and BF, adopting preventive measure procedures to minimize the risk of contagion. These measures include hand hygiene, before and after contact with the newborn and the use of a mask. If a temporary separation of mother and child is required, it is recommended to feed the newborn with expressed breast milk. The presence of IgA antibodies against SARSCoV- 2 has been confirmed in the milk of infected women, so BF could reduce the clinical impact of the disease in the infant, if it becomes infected.
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Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated lockdowns, many events occurred, such as supply chain disruption, shielding and working from home restrictions along with diminished incomes and people's extra time spent in their own homes;all these have led to broad changes in consumer attitudes and behaviour. Therefore, people spent more time at home in all countries, and there was a significant increase in the number of people who enjoyed experiencing cooking at home, having a regular schedule for their meals. Pasta represents one of the most consumed food products in the world, their consumption increasing from year to year, experiencing a boost demand during the pandemic, because it has many important advantages such as: low cost, easy to cook, high nutritional value and long shelf life. Properly cooked pasta has a low potential to increase blood sugar, it slows down digestion and give a feeling of satiety for a longer period. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on consumer perceptions towards pasta consumption in order to develop new products that are adapted to current consumer requirements and preferences.
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Primipara are often faced the difficulty and even failure in breastfeeding, the low of lactation management is the main cause. This research aimed to assess the difference in lactation management education media on increasing knowledge, attitude, and practice of lactation management in primipara aged 0-3 months at the Sudiang Raya Public Health Center Makassar City. The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-posttest control group design. The total sample was 60 primiparas who had infants aged 0-3 months (30 intervention groups, 30 control groups). Sampling was done by a simple random sampling. The intervention group used modern media, namely an apllication based on smartphone called MOMASI (Mobile Lactation Management) used for 12 weeks and the control group used a conventional media, leaflets. Data were analyzed using Paired T-test, Independent T-test, Mann Whitney and Chi-Square. The results showed, before education there was no significant difference between the two groups on the average score of knowledge, attitude, and lactation management practice (p= 0.671, 0.910, 0.095;p > 0.000). In the intervention and control groups, there was a significant increase on the average score of knowledge, attitude, and practice of lactation management between before and after the intervention (p=0.000). After education, there was a significant difference between the two groups on the average score of knowledge, attitude, and practice of lactation management (p=0.000). In the difference on the average scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice of lactation management after the intervention, the MOMASI group was better than the Leaflet group. MOMASI and Leaflets can improve knowledge, attitude, and practice of lactation management. However, MOMASI is more efficient and effective in Communication, Information and Education (KIE), especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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For women's health, breastfeeding has extraordinary benefits. Breast milk has a high impact on the healthy nutrition and development of children. It provides the baby with the necessary vitamins and minerals. Our study aimed to examine the knowledge and attitudes of young mothers towards breastfeeding. During the Covid-19 pandemic process, breastfeeding and barriers to breastfeeding were examined. Participants consisted of women between the ages of 18 and 38. Those with at least 1 living child who applied to the Trakya University hospital gynecology outpatient clinic were included in the study. Those who were pregnant or suspected of pregnancy were excluded from the study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with mothers who agreed to participate in the study. The Breast Feeding Knowledge Questionnaire is a scale developed based on WHO and UNICEF breastfeeding recommendations for optimal infant feeding as well as previous research with similar aims used. The study showed that;participants had a good knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding for infant and maternal health. The outcome of this study was twofold;Breastfeeding attitudes and knowledge among young women were evaluated and the barriers to breastfeeding during the pandemic were tried to be determined. The most women;She had a positive attitude towards breastfeeding. However, there were many obstacles to breastfeeding during the pandemic period. Health professionals must actively work with women to overcome these barriers. It is important to run an awareness campaign to make women aware of the importance of breastfeeding. Studies should be developed on how to overcome breastfeeding and barriers to breastfeeding during the pandemic.
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Background and Aim: The practice of breastfeeding among mothers is affected by their knowledge of, and attitude to, it. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of intervention, using the transtheoretical model (TTM), on the knowledge, attitude and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among pregnant women in the third trimester referred to Golestan University of Medical Sciences in hospitals in 2021. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental intervention was conducted on 120 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 60) or a control (n = 60) group using the permuted block randomization. The data collection tools were a two-part questionnaire to collect data on demographic and obstetric characteristics and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the TTM. Due to the coronavirus Epidemic the education was conducted partly face-to face in five 30- minute sessions three times a week observing the health protocols and partly virtually via WhatsApp and Telegram messenger (audio file, video tutorial, electronic pamphlets and posters). The data collected one and six months after the intervention were analyzed using the SPSS software version 16, the tests being descriptive and inferential tests.
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As the body's largest immune system, the intestine maintains 70% of the immunity. The microbiota constitute a barrier to the infection by pathogenic bacteria. Malnutrition and immune dysfunction may disrupt this barrier virus attack, posing an obstacle to nutrient absorption and causing a cycle of deterioration to the long through the gut-lung axis. Based on the theory of the gut-lung axis, this article discusses how to treat Covid-19 infection in terms of nutrition, immunity and intestinal microecological balance.